Siem Reap Attractions

What to See in Siem Reap - Cambodia

An Oxcart in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

In addition to the magnificent ancient temples of Angkor, there are many other interesting attractions in Siem Reap to see. The attractions available are and varied, and range from museums, to traditional Khmer dance, to visits to a silk farm. Many package tours to Cambodia include several of these attractions.

The descriptions here are provided to help you plan which attractions you would like to see during your visit. Please see the Activities Page for things to DO in Siem Reap.

 

MOST POPULAR ATTRACTIONS IN SIEM REAP

 

Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat Temple

 

Angkor Wat is the most famous ancient temple site in Cambodia, and visiting the ancient Angkorian temples is the reason most visitors come to Cambodia, and to Siem Reap. With its five lotus-like towers rising 65 meters into the sky, it is truly a monumental, and awe inspiring sight. This UNESCO World Heritage site was at one time the largest pre-industrial city in the world, and is considered one of the ancient wonders of the world. Angkor Wat is the crown jewel of any visit to the temples of Angkor.
The ruins of Angkor Wat are located in the Angkor Archaeological Park, and the entrance to the park is located about 3km north of modern-day Siem Reap. There are no hotels within the park grounds, and most visitors to the ancient temples stay in Siem Reap, using it as a base from which to make daily visits to the temples. The most significant temple ruins are found 6 to 25km north of town, with the closest major temple being Angkor Wat. The Roluos Group of temples are 13km east of Siem Reap.
It is best to arrange your tour of the Angkor Archaeological Park with a reputable tour agency and a knowledgeable tour guide. They can assist with purchasing the admission pass, and arrange the transportation you will need. There are also guidebooks available, which will help in understanding the history of the temples.

 

Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre

Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre

 

Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre (BBC) is one of the most visited tourist spots in the country, with the largest butterfly exhibition in the Southeast Asia. A visit to Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre is a great way to take a short break from the temple tours and spend some time in spectacular surroundings filled with rare and vivid butterflies. Situated about 25km from Siem Reap, it is a project with a difference, as the centre also contributes to the welfare of the community by training local people to rear butterflies for sale locally exhibits as well as abroad.

In other words, it has been primarily developed as a poverty mitigation project, and the revenues generated by way of admission fees and butterfly farming are used to employ impoverished people in Siem Reap’s remote villages. Most significantly, the centre and its activities render a livelihood to poor families without causing any species extinction or destruction to the natural habitat. In a way, the project itself is a nature-conserving initiative that educates people on the importance of raising income through the preservation of nature.

The key highlight of Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre is its large netted enclosure with a variety of free-flying butterflies – most of which are indigenous to the country. It is truly a great experience to feed butterflies here and see them fluttering from one flower to another. Another interesting attraction is the pupae stage. Some of the species featured here are Atlas Moth, Blue Glassy Tiger, Dark Blue Tiger, Five-Barred Swordtail, Great Mormon, Gaudy Baron, Lime Butterfly, Orange Emigrant, Peacock Pansy, Red Helen and Tailed Jay.

Visitors can also obtain valuable information on other stages of butterfly metamorphosis. If you’re lucky enough, you may sometimes catch sight of a caterpillar morphing into a chrysalis (pupa). Above all, the BBC stands out for its stunning plant and floral varieties that include, but not limited to, multihued orchids and red ixora chinensis. So if you ever plan to take a tour to Siem Reap or Cambodia, this butterfly centre is definitely an attraction not to miss out on.

The BBC is on the way to Banteay Srey Temple in Siem Reap, and is located about three kilometers from the Landmine Museum. It is open throughout the week from 09:00 to 17:00, and admission fee is $4 for adults and $2 for kids. The staff members are friendly and knowledgeable people and clearly explain the centre’s colourful exhibits as well as the background and mission of the project.
• Tel: (+855) 0978 527 852

 

Bayon & Ta Prohm Temples

Ta Prohm Temples in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

Aside from Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm and Bayon may be the best known and most photographed of the “other” temples. Ta Prohm is popular because of its lost temple in the jungle atmosphere, overgrown with trees and vines, and Bayon is famous for its huge enigmatic, carved stone faces.

The Bayon Temple is the dominant feature inside the walled city of Angkor Thom, and Ta Prohm is not far outside the Victory Gate of Angkor Thom. Both are Buddhist temples, and were constructed by King Jayavarman VII; Bayon in the late 12th century, and Ta Prohm from the mid 12th century to the early 13th century. These two magnificent examples of Angkor temple architecture should not be missed. See below for details of these two ancient structures.

 

Bayon Temple

The two must see ancient Angkorian temples are Angkor Wat and Bayon. The huge enigmatic stone faces of Bayon have become some of the most iconic and recognizable features associated with the ancient Khmer Kingdom and its architecture.

The Bayon Temple is at the centre of the great walled city of Angkor Thom, which is at the heart of the Angkor Archeological Park.

Bayon has some 50 towers, with four huge carved faces on most of them. Each of the four faces are four metres high and oriented toward the four points of the compass. The faces all have the same strange smile and closed eyes, creating a mysterious and serene countenance, representing an all-knowing state of inner peace, and perhaps a state of Nirvana.

There is debate as to who the faces actually represent, and some theories put forward say that they are the face of a Bodhisattva (Buddhism's compassionate and enlightened being), or a combination of Buddha and Jayavarman VII. Bayon was constructed as Jayavarman VII's state-temple, and it represents the height of his massive building program.

Bayon is rich in decoration, and the bas-reliefs on the exterior walls of the lower level and on the upper level are outstanding. The bas-reliefs on the southern wall are of scenes from a sea battle between the Khmer and the Cham. However, it is not known if they represent the Cham invasion of 1177AD, or a later victorious battle for the Khmer. There are also interesting and extensive carvings of scenes from everyday life, including market scenes, religious rituals, cockfighting, chess games and childbirth. Of note are the unfinished carvings on some walls, which were probably not finished due to the death of Jayavarman VII.

Subsequently, Bayon underwent several additions and modifications under later kings, and some of the bas-reliefs on the inner walls were carved at a later date under the Hindu king Jayavarman VIII. The terrace to the east of the temple, the libraries, the square corners of the inner gallery, and parts of the upper terrace appear to be additions that were not part of the original structure.

Since the Bayon Temple was constructed in stages over a span of many years, it appears to be somewhat of an architectural jumble. When seen from a distance, at first it can seem like a rather formless jumble of stone, but on the inside, there is a maze of galleries, towers and passageways on the three different levels. The best time for photographs is when the sun is rather low near sunrise and sunset.

Bayon Temple in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

• Location: Central Angkor Thom.
• Construction Period: Late 12th century C.E.
• Religion: Buddhist.
• Built by: King Jayavarman VII.
• Building style: Bayon.

 

Ta Prohm Temple

The temples of Angkor Wat and the walled city of Angkor Thom are perhaps the most famous and best known of all the ancient temple sites. To the east of Angkor Thom is the third most important, and one of the most photographed of all the ancient temples due to its dramatic scenery.

Ta Prohm is a quiet, and sprawling monastery, and unlike most other sites, it has only been partially cleared of overgrowth, and has been intentionally left more or less the way it was originally found. Some walls and doorways of the ancient structure were left overgrown and gripped by huge trees and other foliage. Flocks of parrots in the trees add to the atmosphere, and give the visitor the feeling of discovering a temple lost in the jungle. With this image in mind, it is not hard to imagine what the French naturalist Henri Mouhot must have felt when he ‘discovered’ the temple in 1860.

The monastery was one of King Jayavarman VII's first major temple projects, and was dedicated to his mother. It is estimated that at one time this vast 600-room monastery and the surrounding area had a population of over 70,000 people. The temple is 145 metres by 125 metres, It was home to high priests, monks, assistants, dancers and laborers, and was very wealthy with great stores of jewels and gold, and controlled an estimated 3,000 villages.

It contains a maze of courtyards and galleries, and is well worth spending some time to explore its many dark corridors. Ta Prohm was used in both the movie and game of 'Tomb Raider', and has some of the best temple-in-the-jungle photo opportunities.

Ta Prohm is similar in general design to the temples of Preah Khan and Banteay Kdei, which were also built by Jayavarman VII at a later date. Preah Khan was dedicated to Jayavarman VII’s father.

Ta Prohm is an excellent example of the monastic complex style temples, and is a must to be included in any visit to the temples.

• Location: One km east of Angkor Thom.
• Construction Period: Mid 12th - Early 13th century C.E.
• Religion: Buddhist.
• Built by: King Jayavarman VII.
• Building Style: Bayon.
• Best Time to Visit: Early morning when it is not as crowded.

 

Cambodia Landmine Museum

Cambodia Landmine Museum in Siem Reap

 

During Cambodia’s three-decade-long conflict, approximately six million landmines were planted in the nation, and the Landmine Museum represents an agonizing window into the realism of the country’s landmine situation. This museum was founded in 1997 by Aki Ra, with the prime objective to make the country safe through the removal of mines from wherever he could find them. Aki Ra was forced to work as a mine layer by the Khmer Rouge, planting landmines from an age as young as five.

Later, as part of the United Nation’s endeavor to restore peace in the country during the 1990s, Aki Ra got the opportunity to work as a de-miner. Though the UN left the country in 1994, he continued the mission in his own way, even though it was not according to international demining standards. Initially, Aki Ra turned his own home located on the outskirts of the Siem Reap into a museum displaying decommissioned bombs, landmines and other explosive weapons that he had unearthed since 1995.

In 2001, a Canadian photojournalist Richard Fitoussi founded the Cambodia Landmine Museum Relief Fund (CLMMRF) in Canada to promote as well as raise funds for Aki Ra’s work.

From legal and monetary support to providing an NGO license for the museum’s relief facility that serve as a safe residence for disadvantaged children, the CLMMRF became instrumental in realising most of his goals. He also was able to find a better venue for the museum that was officially opened on April 22, 2007.

After Angkor Wat, the Landmine Museum is the most popular attraction in Cambodia. The key highlight of the museum is its four galleries with a vast assortment of deactivated arms that not only throw light on the landmine curse in the country but also the consequences of wars.

The displays include hidden mines, mortars, booby traps, guns and other ordnances recovered from different parts of the country. A small shop and an area devoted to carrying out the works of his NGO can also be seen here. Perhaps the best aspect of this museum is that it serves as a source of income for amputees to support their families, in addition to caring for hundreds of children badly affected by poverty and mine laying.

The Landmine Museum holds the distinction of being the first of its kind in the world. It’s completely safe and abides by all protocols put forward by the Ottawa International Treaty to Ban Landmines and the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Association Authority (CMAA).

• Opening Hours: 07:30 - 17:30.
• Location: Located within the Angkor Wat Archeological Park, the Landmine Museum is five kilometers from Banteay Srey Temple, about a 30-minute drive from Siem Reap.
• Remarks: A donation US$1 per person is required to enter the museum.

 

Cello Concert by Dr Beat Richner

Cello Concert by Dr Beat Richner

 

This cello concert, as the name implies, is a unique show presented by Dr. Beat Richner – a Swiss national who is fondly referred to as Beatocello by Cambodians. Born in 1947 in Zurich, he received his medical degree in 1973 and worked as a pediatric specialist at the Zurich Children’s Hospital before he came to Cambodia in 1975 as per the request of the Red Cross to work at the Kantha Bopha Children’s Hospital. Though he was forced to return to Switzerland because of Khmer Rouge invasion, he came back to Cambodia in 1991 and founded the Kantha Bopha Foundation in 1992. Started with 68 local staff and 16 foreign staff, the foundation currently employs more than 2,000 Cambodian staff and has only one expatriate staff member other than the doctor.

The foundation now operates five hospitals that render free medications and healthcare services to children in the country. They include the Jayavarman VII Hospital in Siem Reap, where Beat Richner conducts solo cello performances that are more than just a source of entertainment, primarily focused to raise funds as well as awareness of child health care in the country. Donations received, along with funding from the Cambodian government, Swiss government and large private Swiss donors, are solely utilized to run these hospitals that admit more than 200 children on daily basis, in addition to performing 50 surgical procedures and providing about 2,000 vaccinations.

On recognizing his services for poor children, Dr Beat Richner was awarded the title of ‘Swiss of the Year’ in 2003.

 

Dr Beat Richner's Cello Concert

Every Thursday and Saturday, the conference hall of Jayavarman VII Hospital becomes the venue for Dr Beat Richner to perform Bach on his cello. An accomplished entertainer who used to act as a singing clown in Switzerland, Beatocello however now performs as a cellist primarily to collect money for the activities of his Kantha Bopha hospitals that also include a maternity ward for HIV mothers. The performance is followed by a video, which throws light on social prejudices in the country.

As part of the concert, he also speaks about his work in these hospitals and encourages audiences to generously contribute towards the mission of combating child health crisis in the country. In addition to money, the doctor also requests young audience members to donate blood in order to maintain the Kantha Bopha Foundation’s blood bank that observes the WHO guidelines.

• Opening Hours: from 19:15 to 20:30 twice a week.
• Location: Located outside the city centre in Siem Reap, Jayavarman VII Hospital is easily accessible from the road to Angkor Wat.
• Remarks: Entry is free though donations are encouraged.

 

The Temples of Angkor

Angkor Thom

 

With the capital of the Khmer Empire being situated at Angkor for some 500 years, there are a wealth of ancient temples and other sites near Siem Reap Town. Most of these sites are in and around the Angkor Archaeological Park. The largest and most significant ruins of the Angkorian Empire are found just to the north of the municipality of Siem Reap, and thus has grown into a tourist oriented town. It is the base from which most visitors explore the temples of Angkor.

The ruins and restored sites in the Angkor Archaeological Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and form part of the largest pre-industrial city in the world.

 

Tonlé Sap Lake

Floating House on Tonle Sap Lake

 

The Tonlé Sap Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. During the dry season the lake drains into the Tonle Sap River which flows into the Mekong River. But in the rainy season (June to October), the huge amount of water in the Mekong causes the Tonlé Sap River to reverse its flow.

The combination of water flowing into the lake, and the backup of the Tonle Sap River swells the lake to 5-times its size in the dry season. This increase in size floods the surrounding floodplain and forests, creating an incredibly diverse and rich eco-system.

 

Tonle Sap Floating Villages

There are actually several so-called floating villages located on, and around the Tonle Sap Lake (Boeung Tonle Sap) and they are all somewhat different. The Tonle Sap Lake is the largest feature of the map of Cambodia, and is an important natural resource in terms of fishing and wetlands.

In the rainy season, the Mekong River backs up into the lake, and it swells to more than 5 times its size in the dry season, flooding the surrounding forests and plains. Of course the best time to visit ‘floating villages’ is during the wet season when the water is high. You can try a "do-it-yourself" tour, but it can be a hassle, and there are stories of people having problems trying to do it themselves. The four main ‘floating’ villages are listed below.

 

Chong Khneas

The floating village nearest to Siem Reap, it is the one most visited by tourists. In the wet season, it really is a floating village, with houses, shops, schools, etc. all bobbing on the water. Even though it is somewhat ‘touristy’, it is still interesting, and worth seeing. Stops usually include a souvenir and snack shop, and the Gecko Environment Center.

 

Kampong Phluk

This is not actually a floating village as the houses are built on tall stilts. In the dry season, the village is high and dry, with the tall stilted houses lining the road. When the water level is high, the stilts are submerged, and the houses seem to ‘float’. This is also the place where you can take boat rides through the flooded forest. It is visited by relatively few tourists. Home-stay is available.

 

Kampong Khleang

Being far from Siem Reap, it takes about 2 hours by boat from the Phnom Krom boat landing. There is an outer floating village, and an inner tall stilted village. It has the largest population of all the villages on the lake. Visited by few tourists.

 

Prek Toal

A somewhat smaller floating village, it is the starting point for bird watching tours to the Prek Toal core area of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. (see Bird Watching) This is an important habitat for many endangered bird species. There is a Biosphere information canter, and a water hyacinth weaving center. Overnight stay is possible, but is not well organized, and may not be suitable for all visitors.

 

Good to Know

The best time to see the lake is when the water level is high, and floating villages are truly floating, and trips to the flooded forest and wildlife reserves are interesting. Trips to the bird sanctuaries are best from December to April.

In the dry season, the lake becomes very shallow, and large boats sit on the bottom of the lake. During this time, villages on stilts are left high and dry, and floating villages move out onto the lake. Also, forests are dried up, and some bird sanctuaries cannot be reached.

• Location: Near Siem Reap.

 

Phnom Kulen National Park

Phnom Kulen National Park

 

Situated about 50km north of Siem Reap, Phnom Kulen National Park is one of the most revered destinations in Cambodia, as it features Kulen Mountain. Once referred to as the Mount Mahendraparvata – the Kulen Mountain is a cultural and historical resort that marked the origin of Khmer empire in the 9th century when King Jayavarman II announced independence from Java and declared himself as the "Chakravartin", meaning universal king.

Stretching for more than 13km down to the Angkor Plain, the Phnom Kulen is home to a slew of temple ruins and several centuries-old consecrated carvings as well as sculptures. Further, since most of the areas in Phnom Kulen are still untouched, this allows visitors to immerse in the cool, spellbinding attractions that nature itself offers by way of jungle-covered verdant surroundings, rivers and dazzling waterfalls.

One of the most noteworthy attractions of the park is the archeological site of Kbal Spean. Located in the western region of the Phnom Kulen mountain range, Kbal Spean, alternatively referred to as the ‘River of a Thousand Lingas,’ is a carved sandstone riverbed that has numerous sculptures dating back to the 11th and 12th centuries. The inscriptions and mythological scenes carved out here have been categorized into three factors that illustrate the Hindu Trinity Gods: Lord Vishnu, Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva.

Among the carvings that deserve special note are the engravings of Vishnu reclining on the serpent Ananta with his consort Lakshmi and a lotus flower obtruding from Vishnu’s navel holding the image of Brahma. Once used for baptism, the water in this area is considered sacred. Another attraction worth seeing in Phnom Kulen is Chup Preah – a plain with refreshing streams that meander into the mountain valley. This is truly a serene spot with a big 16th century Buddhist image, in addition to a tree about 15 metres high alongside it.

Equally interesting are Preah Ang Thom – a Buddhist temple that enshrines an enormous 17-metre long statue of a reclining Buddha and the Terrace of Sdach Kamlung – with a small wrecked brick temple at its centre. Studies reveal that this spot was covered by lava for hundreds of years. Aside these, there are two impressive waterfalls that form the focal point of Phnom Kulen.

 

Good to know

Sprawling over an area of about 37,500 hectares, Phnom Kulen National Park is accessible by car, van or tuk tuk, and it takes about two hours to reach here from Siem Reap. The renowned Angkor Wat is about 30km away. There is a private road that leads to the key attractions of the park. However, since the area is not demined, it is advisable to accompany an expert guide as you get deep into the park.

 

Angkor Silk Farm

Angkor Silk Farm - Siem Reap

 

The silk farm was established by Artisans d’Angkor for the revival and perpetuation of traditional sericulture in Cambodia. They provide training in silk production, and produce the silk they use in their products. The guided tour includes all aspects of silk farming and production, from the raising of the silk worms, to dying the silk, to weaving the final product. A very interesting and informative tour. A free shuttle bus leaves at 08:30 and 13:30 from Artisans d’Angkor in Siem Reap. The entire tour takes about 2 hours.

• Location: Artisans d’Angkor Silk Farm, Hwy. No, 6, Puok District.
• Tel: +855 (0) 63 767 018, +855 (0)12 222 404.

 

Angkor Wat in Miniature

Angkor Wat in Miniature

 

Constructed in 1994 and 1995 by Dy Proeung, you can see that a lot of time and effort went into creating the miniature of Angkor Wat, Baneay Srey and other ancient temples. Unfortunately in recent years they have not been well cared for, and sadly the place is in a state of disrepair. The person in charge doesn’t speak much English. The entrance fee is $1.50.

• Opening Hours: 07:00 to 18:00.
• Tel: +855 (0)12 776 264 (Khmer only).

 

Cambodia Cultural Village

Cambodian Cultural Village Siem Reap

 

Cambodia Cultural Village first opened to public in late 2003. Covering a total area of 52 acres, this theme park showcases the traditional Cambodian way of life, and the local customs and practices of the various ethnic groups in the country. It is home to more than 10 villages, showing off the different cultures and characteristics of 19 Cambodian races. The shows include Apsara dances, traditional wedding ceremonies, circus acts and an elephant show.

• Opening Hours: 09:00 to 21:00.
• Tel: +855 (0)63 963 836.
• Price Range: Entrance fee $12.00.

 

Movie Mall

Movie Mall in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

Usually when you go to the movies, you can escape and forget about the world outside, but not in this theatre. Here it is a bit different, and you come face-to-face with reality. They feature only three movies: “Pol Pot: The History of Genocide” a documentary chronicling the nightmare of the Khmer Rouge years, “Angkor Wat: History of the Jewel of the Jungle” a history of the Khmer Empire from the 9th century to the 15th century, and “From the Land Mine.” These movies will give you a better understanding of Cambodia as it is today. The theatre is air-conditioned. First showing is 16:00, and last showing is 23:00.

• Location: Angkor Night Market.
• Tel: +855 (0) 12 494 705.

 

Siem Reap Crocodile Farm

Siem Reap Crocodile Farm - Cambodia

 

There is now only one commercial crocodile farm in Siem Reap open to the public. They have over 1,000 South China crocodiles, ranging in age from 1 year to 50 years old. They also have a store selling leather handbags, wallets, belts, etc. made from crocodile, sting ray, and snake skin.

• Opening Hours: 07:00 to 19:00.
• Location: South of Siem Reap on road to Tonle Sap Lake.
• Tel: +855 (0)67 979 999, +855 (0)12 927 718.
• Price Range: The entrance fee is USD$0.50 for Cambodian Nationals, and USD$3.00 for non-Cambodians.

 

MUSEUMS IN SIEM REAP

 

Angkor National Museum

Angkor National Museum in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

Opened in 2007, the museum houses many archeological treasures and cultural relics from the Angkorian and pre-Angkorian periods. The tour of the eight galleries begins with a short orientation presentation. The galleries include 1,000 Buddha Images, Pre-Angkor, Religion and Beliefs, The Great Khmer Kings, Angkor Wat, Angkor Thom, Story from Stones, and Ancient Costume. Tour guides and audio tour guides in various languages are available.

• Opening Hours: 09:00 to 20:00.
• Location: 968 Charles de Gaulle Road.
• Tel: +855 (0)63 966 601.
• Price Range: Entrance fees are USD$3.00 for Cambodian nationals, and USD$12.00 for non-Cambodians.

 

War Museum Cambodia

War Museum Cambodia in Siem Reap - Cambodia

 

Outdoor displays of old, rusted and broken down military hardware taken from the battlefield are featured at this museum. Equipment on display includes old tanks, artillery guns, rocket launchers, anti-aircraft guns, small arms, mines and bombs. There is also an old Shenyang J-6 jet fighter, an XU-814 Mil Mi-8T helicopter, and other military hardware in various condition. The entrance fee is $5/person and includes: a free guide (e.g. learning the history, explaining about the different mines and weapons, personal war stories; holding small arms (m16, khalasnikov, rpg); and free photographing/filming.

• Location: near National Highway No. 6, between the city of Siem Reap and the International Airport.
• Tel: 088 848 7351.

 

Tours in Cambodia

• Impressive Cambodia - 7 Days/ 6 Nights
• Charms of Cambodia - 5 Days/ 4 Nights
• Angkor Magnificence - 4 Days/ 3 Nights
• Highlights of Cambodia - 4 Days/ 3 Nights
• Cambodia Spotlights - 4 Days/ 3 Nights
• Siem Reap to Angkor Wat - 3 Days/ 2 Nights
• Tour in Siem Reap & Angkor Wat - 3 Days/ 2 Nights
• Highlight Ancient City - 3 Days/ 2 Nights
• Classic tour in Phnom Penh - 3 Days/ 2 Nights
• Siem Reap & Angkor Wat tours - 2 days/ 1 night

Da Nang Attractions

What to See in Da Nang - Vietnam

Da Nang Beach

Da Nang’s west-coast location makes for beautiful sunsets, a holiday-like atmosphere and good, safe swimming from May to August. Da Nang is home to four museums – two of which are dedicated to last century’s military conflicts and one entirely to "Uncle Ho" – a replica of Ho Chi Minh’s house.

The Cao Dai Temple and Da Nang Cathedral are religious-themed attractions worthy of a visit while the nearby Marble Mountains will fascinate visitors with their many limestone caves used as both hideouts and places of worship. Finally the Hai Van Pass – the highest in the country – is not to be missed.

China Beach (My Khe beach)

China Beach (My Khe beach) in Da Nang - Vietnam

Considered to be Vietnam's most picturesque beach, the white sandy 20-mile stretch of China Beach was named by the American troops who visited during the Vietnam War for R&R. Known locally by its proper name Non Nuoc, it offers excellent surfing from September just off the shores of Danang. There are also a number of high-end resorts within the vicinity should you be in need of pampering with most offering a rich choice of treatments at their spas and a range of dining options.

Sunbathing and surfing aside, there are a host of historical sites situated close by including the port of Hoi An which is only 10 minutes away by bus and offers wonderfully preserved merchant houses and small alleyways to explore. Hoi An is also a superb place to get anything you desire tailor made usually within 12 hours, and while you wait it’s definitely recommended that you try some local delights including very fresh shrimp pancakes.

Once listed in Forbes Magazine as one of the 'World's Most Luxurious Beaches', the stunning sands of China Beach offer surfers and sun seekers a gloriously unspoilt hideaway with a host of big brand hotels such as Raffles and Hyatt opening or due to open very soon.

The China Beach area was first flung into the spotlight thanks to the China Beach television show broadcast on American networks highlighting US Vietnam War soldiers enjoying rest and play in Da Nang. After the war, the beach became a well-known spot on the backpacker trail before heading upmarket to today's more glamorous resort scene.

China Beach benefits from being perfectly located at the heart of World Heritage sites - the ancient port of Hoi An, the mysterious Phing Nga Caves, the home place of the Champa population and the revered imperial city of Hue are all easily accessible. China Beach is also reaping the rewards of an increasing number of international flight connections from Singapore, Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City to name a few.

Good to Know

China Beach is reached via Danang International Airport which is served by several flights a day from across Asia. The taxi ride should take no more than 25 minutes from airport to the sand. You don't need to bring much with you by way of clothing or surf gear as everything you need is available locally. The best time to visit is between May and October.

Marble Mountains

Marble Mountains - Da Nang - Vietnam

A cluster of five hills made from limestone and marble, Marble Mountains are a well-known pilgrimage site with peaks, caves, tunnels and temples all just waiting to be discovered. Named after the elements metal, wood, water, fire and earth, Marble Mountains exist in a coastal area that is renowned for stone-cutting and sculpture about 9km south of Danang.

The caves within the mountains hold many secrets including bullet holes from when troops used to spy on the US soldiers relaxing on China Beach below and buildings standing within the caves and grottoes.

There are also a host of Buddhist sanctuaries and places of worship dotted across the mountains which are a much-visited spiritual site. There are many pagoda temples and even a special circular cave featuring a chimney leading to the summit with spectacular panoramic views.

According to ancient folklore, a dragon emerged from the water on Non Nuoc Beach and laid an egg. A thousand days and a thousand nights followed before the egg hatched, and out stepped a beautiful girl. The fragments of the shell were left on the beach and eventually grew into the five mystical Marble Mountains.

Today, one of the most popular highlights is climbing up the Marble Mountains and enjoying spectacular views across Non Nuoc, also known as China Beach. The Mountain of Water which is home to pagodas dating back to the 17th century and a number of caves is one the most frequented climbs with a steep hike up stone steps to Tam Quan Gate and its superb vistas to Mount Kim Son or Metal Mountain and the coastline from the Riverview Tower located next to the gate. The Riverview Tower dates back to the 18th century and the reign of the Emperor Minh Mang.

Close by is Van Nguyet Grotto which is a nice resting spot where you can grab a fresh coconut to drink. The Lantern Cave is also worth a look, small but deep and filled with lava along with Am Phu Cave which heads down to a very scenic viewpoint.

Remarks: You should allow up to four hours to explore all of Marble Mountains so its good to start early when it is not so hot and of course wear comfortable shoes, and if you can, bring a torch. Vietnamese children sell souvenirs at Marble Mountains and you can expect to be hassled until you've either bought a gift or 'tipped' them a few dollars for a "guided tour".

• Price Range: There is a $1 entrance fee to Marble Mountain and an additional $1 cost for entrance to the cave at the foot of the mountains.

Museum of Cham Sculpture

Museum of Cham Sculpture - Da Nang - Vietnam

With their roots dating back as far as 192 AD, Vietnam's indigenous Cham people lived an Indian way of life in both culture and language. The Cham Museum in Danang is dedicated to this period and the Champa existence which began predominantly in the coastal areas of Vietnam. Housing the largest exhibition of Cham sculpture in the world, the museum displays almost 300 terracotta and stone works of art ranging from the 7th to the 15th centuries.

Many of the exhibits are considered masterpieces of their field showcased according to the region in which they were found with a total of ten separate interior exhibition rooms. All of the sculptures on display fall into one of the following sections – icon, pedestal, pediment, or fragment, with the area in which they were found determining where they are exhibited.

When you've finished browsing the internal creations, step outside to appreciate the building itself carefully crafted with objects of worship including idols and holy animals surrounded by flowers, leaves and turrets all symbols of Hinduism.

The Kingdom of Champa governed Southern Vietnam from 192 A.D to 1697 and left behind a legacy of unique Cham motifs and Hindu-flavoured architecture defining this period. Examples of this style can be seen in the temples and towers decorating the coastal and mountain areas of Quang Nam, Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Khanh Hoa and Danang which is where the museum is also situated.

The museum itself is also a fine example of Cham architecture with flowing simple lines, designed by the French architects Delaval and Auclair. Most of the artwork in the museum from this period takes the form of sculpture with a decidedly feminine feel and was gathered from Quang Binh up to Binh Dinh prior to the Cham Museum opening at the end of the 19th century.

In addition to the abundance of Hindu-influenced pieces there are also some that have evidently drawn inspiration from Buddhism including altars and deities. This range in religion reflects the eight centuries of Champa life from its start through to its height and then decline, with some of the more decadent pieces coming from the Champa golden age.

Good to Know

It is the only museum of its kind in the world dedicated to the Champa era and was founded during the colonial French rule in 1915. Other sites rich in Cham history include Tra Kieu, Dong Duong, Thap Man and My Son which were all famous Champa areas and are well worth a visit as part of a wider study into this fascinating period. There is an onsite shop selling imitation pieces and there are also English-language guidebooks for sale.

• Opening Hours: daily from 07:00-17:00.
• Location: at the intersection of Bach Dang and Trung Nu Vuong in Danang by the Han River.

Danang Cathedral

Cathedral in Da Nang City - Vietnam

Known to locals as 'Con Ga' Church (Rooster Church) because of the weathercock on top of its steeple, the candy-pink Danang Cathedral was built for the city's French residents in 1923. Today it serves a Catholic community of 4,000 and it's standing room only at High Mass. Mass is held from Monday to Saturday at 05:00 and at 17:30 and on Sunday at 05:00, 06:15, 07:30, 15:30 and at 17:00

Hai Van Pass

The Hai Van Pass - Da Nang - Vietnam

This is the highest pass in Vietnam, situated about 1,500km above sea level. The name translates as 'pass of the ocean cloud' and it is a truly beautiful place. From the peak of the pass you can see Danang City, Tien Sa Port, Son Tra Peninsula and the sea.

Museums in Da Nang

Historical Museum

Historical Museum in Da Nang - Vietnam

The Historical Museum located on Le Duan Street displays hallmarks of the city's construction and defense over the ages, especially in the wars against the French and the Americans. The museum is where stories and legends about Danang through years of struggle and construction are recounted. This is a long history about their living, told through normal daily tools, folksongs and words of the Quang people.

The Museum of the Fifth Military Zone Danang

The Museum of the Fifth Military Zone Danang city has a lot of large war equipment such as aircrafts and tanks that were captured in the French and American wars by the soldiers of the Fifth Military Division. There are also a lot of photographs and articles documenting the two wars.

• Address: 1 Duy Tan Street.
• Tel: +84 (511) 624 014.

Tours in Da Nang

• Ancient towns - Away from busy life - 3 Days/ 2 Nights
• Relaxing in central of Vietnam - 4 Days/ 3 Nights
• Passage to Middle Vietnam - 4 Days/ 3 Nights
• Central Vietnam Explorer - 5 Days/ 4 Nights
• Heritage path in middle of Vienam - 6 Days/ 5 Nights

Dalat Attractions

What to See in Dalat

Dalat City - Vietnam

 

Dalat is a young city compared to other cities in the south of Vietnam such as Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) and Nha Trang as it was founded only in the late 1890s. Once serving as the capital of the Federation of Indochina, Dalat’s permanent image nevertheless is as a holiday resort in Vietnam’s Central Highlands, the reason for which it was originally established.

Dalat features many interesting landmarks. Its lakes and waterfalls have long stood out as some of its top attractions while Emperor Bao Dai’s Summer Palace and the Buddhist pagodas are equally popular. Visitors can spot a good number of well-preserved French villas and chalets in the French Quarter located not far from the city centre.

It’s relatively simple to get to Xuan Huong Lake and from there you can continue to visit many other sites in town by foot as they are quite close by. The minority villages located nearby Dalat are a must for those wanting to see the ‘real’ Vietnam as the villagers are pretty much keeping their traditional ways of life extant.

 

Bao Dai’s Summer Palace

Bao Dai’s Summer Palace in Dalat - Vietnam

 

Bao Dai was the last emperor/king of Vietnam and ascended to the throne in 1926. He was only 12 years old at that time. With a reputation as a man who enjoyed parties and the good life, Bao Dai spent a good amount of time in Dalat.

His summer palace was made up of three imperial buildings with the part called Dinh 3 being the best known and most visited. Built in 1933, the restored palace is still furnished with a lot of its original furniture and fittings and offers a rich insight into the life of the royal resident. The parts that are open for the public are the emperor’s throne, office and bedroom, dining room and the empress’s quarters. Many portraits and sculptures of the royals are on display too. Photography is not allowed inside the building.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:00 – 17:00.
• Location: On Le Hong Phong Road, about a quarter of a mile southwest of Dalat's city centre.
• Tel: +84 (0) 63 549168

 

Crazy House (Hang Nga Guest House and Art Gallery)

Crazy House in Dalat, Vietnam

 

It’s hard to meet people who have visited Dalat and have not been to Hang Nga Guest House and Art Gallery, better known as the "Crazy House" because of its bizarre concept and tree-like shape, designed by Dang Viet Nga, a Soviet-trained Vietnamese architect who first established it in 1990.

With a little over a dozen rooms, each with its own unique theme, here you’ll find tunnels, ladders, concrete kangaroos; tigers and bears. If you are lucky, you might have the chance to chat with the designer herself as she is usually present there.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:00 – 18:00.
• Location: 3 Huynh Thuc Khang Street, Dalat.
• Tel: +84 (0) 63-822070

 

Dalat Flower Gardens

Dalat Flower Gardens

 

It’s hard to separate Dalat and flowers from each other as the city is well known for its variety of colourful flowers and plant species. It even has its own famous annual flower festival which has proven to be very popular with domestic tourists. Established in 1966, the Dalat Flower Gardens are on the northern side of Xuan Huong Lake in the heart of the city and cover an area of about 7,000sqm.

Orchids, hydrangeas, roses, pansies, mimosas and peach blossoms are among the 300 different kinds of common flowers displayed in the parks along with many more exotic flowers. Some of the flowers blossom a few times in a year, meaning that the park always features lovely flora no matter when you visit, but summer is of course its peak time. Visitors can also buy beautifully arranged bouquets at the gardens.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:30 – 16:00.
• Location: Top of the Top-peg Hill, north of Xuan Huong Lake.

 

Dalat Market (Cho Dalat)

Dalat Market (Cho Dalat)

 

Dalat Market is similar to many of Vietnam’s city markets and is an interesting place to spend a short while to feel the vibe of the real Vietnam. It is made up of more than 1,000 shops in a few multi-storey buildings. The busy market offers interesting goods, especially local produce from wine to flowers, meat to handicrafts and cosmetics to strawberries candy and household appliances.

Basically you can find everything here including cheap winter cloths (in case you are not prepared for Dalat’s cool weather.) Check out the market’s food court for local specialties.

• Opening Hours: Daily.
• Location: Opposite Hotel Anh Dao, on Nguyen Chi Thanh, Central Dalat.

 

Dalat Train Station

Dalat Train Station

 

Built in 1943, Dalat Railway Station is small but offers interesting original ticket windows with a wood-burning steam train. Visitors can also hop on for a short ride of about 5km following the historic line to a tiny village named Trai Mat and enjoy the countryside along the way. The train operates about five times per day and needs at least a group of four to five people to be able to make the trip.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 08:00 – 17:00.
• Location: Northeast of Xuan Huong Lake, off Nguyen Trai Street.

 

Datanla Waterfalls

Datanla Waterfalls in Dalat - Vietnam

 

Datanla is no doubt one of the most visited waterfalls in Dalat and is conveniently located a few kilometres south of town. Sometimes ethnic K’Ho artists perform cong chieng here – a Vietnamese traditional instrument cast from mixed copper. Those who are looking for thrills should try the (mini) roller coaster ride from the top of the falls.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: A few kilometres south of town and three kilometres from Prenn Falls.

 

Elephant Falls (Lieng Rewoa Waterfall)

Elephant Falls (Lieng Rewoa Waterfall) in Dalat - Vietnam

 

This dramatic falls has its original name from the K’ho ethnic language and it means ‘elephant falls’ in Vietnamese. Because of its remote location it is relatively quiet, which can only be good as it also means less tourist buses. Check out the nearby Linh An Tu Pagoda – a peaceful retreat.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:30 – 16:30.
• Location: Near Linh An Tu Pagoda in Nam Ha village (about 30km south of Dalat).

 

Lake of Sighs (Ho Than Tho)

Lake of Sighs (Ho Than Tho) in Dalat - Vietnam

 

The Lake of Sighs, as its name suggests, is named after several sad tales of lovers. It was originally a natural lake but was enlarged by the French as a dam. Even though the name has unhappy connotations the Lake of Sighs is a popular destination for the Vietnamese, especially young couples. Paddle boats and motorboats take lovers out and away on the lake. There are horses and horse-drawn carriages to be hired too.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:00 – 17:00.
• Location: Northeast of town, along Ho Xuan Huong Road.

 

Lam Ty Ni Pagoda (aka the Mad Monk Temple)

Lam Ty Ni Pagoda (aka the Mad Monk Temple)

 

This small monastery is a mix of a religious site with a lovely garden and an art gallery run by a kind of Zen monk/painter called Vien Thuc. He is unlike "normal" Zen practitioners and is very energetic, able to chat with people in many languages including French, English, Swedish, Chinese, Thai and of course Vietnamese. His art collection might not be to everybody’s taste but certain exhibits are still very interesting.

Some visitors find his operation a bit odd and un-Zen like, however others help spread the good word around. Many tour companies now include this place in their Dalat tour program. Visit the so-called "Mad Monk Temple" to see for yourself.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: 2 Thien My (not far from Hang Nha House).
• Tel: +84 (0) 63- 821775

 

Lat Village (aka Chicken Village)

Lat Village (aka Chicken Village)

 

You’ll know that you’ve arrived here when you spot the concrete chicken statue in front of the village. There are a few different legends about the chicken depending who you talk to such as; this monument was built by the government to show its appreciation of the villagers for their input during the Vietnam War or; it was built for the memory of a young couple whose love was forbidden. There are more stories but it really doesn’t matter about why and how the giant chicken got there. A visit to this minority village is truly an eye-opening look into the simple life of ordinary Vietnamese people who lead a very basic lifestyle with simple housing, a small school, plantations and farms.

The village is poor and there is no doubt that some folks here might try a little bit too hard to sell visitors their crafts and handmade products like blankets, cotton goods and local rice wine (similar to poitin). When not working on their land, many villagers work at home doing a bit of this and that to provide extra income for their families including traditional silk and cloth weaving.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: About 16km south of Dalat.

 

Linh Phuoc Pagoda

Linh Phuoc Pagoda in Dalat, Vietnam

 

Linh Phuoc is one of the most well-known pagodas in Vietnam with a 37-metre bell tower – the tallest in the country. The main hall consists of colourful paintings regarding the story of Buddha from his birth until he obtained Nirvana and his death. Linh Phuoc Pagoda’s surroundings are peaceful with small lakes and gardens but things can also get very busy with domestic tourists from time to time.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: At the end of Trai Mat Street.

 

Linh Son Pagoda

Linh Son Pagoda in Dalat - Vietnam

 

If you want to visit a non-touristic pagoda, try Linh Son Pagoda. It is more like a neighborhood place than an attraction. Also located on a hill overlooking Dalat, the pagoda offers contrasting views of the busy city on one side and the temple’s own tea and coffee plantations on the other. It’s a common sight to see monks working in the fields, especially during the tea and coffee harvesting season. • Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: Not far from Dalat city centre.

 

Pongour Falls in Dalat

Pongour Falls in Dalat - Vietnam

 

These magnificent and powerful falls are 20 metres high in the mountains and about 100 metres wide in rainy season and are the largest falls in Vietnam. Visitors can hear the echo of the water falling into the lake from a long way away.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: In Tan Hoi Commune, Duc Trong District (about 45km from Dalat).

 

Prenn Falls

Prenn Falls in Dalat - Vietnam

 

The impressive 10-metre high Prenn Falls is a major Dalat attraction, meaning lots of visitors come here, especially during public holidays and school breaks. Located about 10km from the centre of Dalat, Prenn Falls has a small cable car service but many people prefer to walk up the path behind the falls. It’s more fun but wetter that way. Many visitors also make their way to the nearby Au Lac Temple.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 07:00 – 17:00.
• Location: About 10km south of Dalat.

 

Truc Lam Pagoda

Truc Lam Pagoda in Dalat - Vietnam

 

Though it was recently built, Truc Lam Pagoda is popular and probably the prettiest and the best-kept shrine in Dalat. Located on Phuong Hoang Mountain by Tuyen Lam Lake, it features a cast bronze bell, a pagoda and many Buddha images. Go up there by cable car and admire the view from the top – it’s amazing.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: A few kilometres south of town.

 

The French Quarter

The French Quarter

 

Take a sneak peak of how the then influential people spent their summers during colonial times by visiting the French Quarter along Tran Hung Dao Road. Visitors will see many original French colonial-style villas and homes that were built around 1920s and ‘30s. Many hotels, golf courses and spas as well as schools and churches were built in the same period, most using French designs. This area is well maintained and many villas are now owned by nearby five-star hotels.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: Along Tran Hung Dao Road a few kilometres southeast of town.

 

Thien Vuong Pagoda

Thien Vuong Pagoda in Dalat - Vietnam

 

This pagoda was built by the local Chinese community so it’s sometimes referred to as the ‘Chinese Pagoda’. However the main focus of this monastery is not the pagoda but three historical Buddhist statues which date back to the 16th century. Thien Vuong Pagoda has a superb location suited among Dalat’s refreshing hills, giving travelers who enjoy seeing both religious and natural sites more options (there are monks and nuns living in the compound, too). Many people take along picnic baskets.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 09:00 - 17:00.
• Location: A few kilometres southeast of town.

 

Valley of Love (Vallée d’Amour) Park

Valley of Love (Vallée d’Amour) Park in Dalat - Vietnam

 

As the name suggests, the Valley of Love Park is popular with Vietnamese newlyweds. It has rolling green hills, lakes and beautiful gardens and picnicking spaces. Youngsters like this place not only because of the small amusement park but for the western-like ‘cowboys’ with their fake guns, and wide hats. The cowboys’ job is to actually offer horse and pony rides to customers as well as posing for photos with them.

Some people even bring hammocks here and pass their time reading, napping and people watching. It’s a purely relaxing place that caters for all. Another popular activity in the park is to go for a ride on the swan pedal boats around the lake. Avoid major holidays and long weekends if you want to hire a boat in peace.

• Opening Hours: Daily from 06:00 – 17:00.
• Location: On Phu Dong Thien Vuong Street, less than 5km north of the town centre.

 

Xuan Huong Lake

Xuan Huong Lake in Dalat - Vietnam

 

This manmade lake has become a major landmark. It has beautiful gardens with many flowering plants and trees. The beautiful reflection of willow and peach trees along the banks of the lake is part of Dalat’s charm and there are restaurants, cafés, shops, accommodation and a variety of business venues nearby, especially on the northwest side of the lake, considered the heart of Dalat. Here, locals enjoy picnicking, cycling and jogging, horse-cart riding and riding swan paddle boats as well as celebrating weddings.

• Opening Hours: All year round.
• Location: Central Dalat.

 

Tours in Dalat Vietnam

• Southern Escape - 9 Days/ 8 Nights

Phu Quoc Island Attractions

What to See on Phu Quoc Island

Phu Quoc Island - Best Vietnam's Beachs

The island's stunning beaches are a big draw, often picture postcard perfect with powder white sand and turquoise sea.

For those interested in culture there are some interesting fishing villages to see and several temples and pagodas.

The island is famous for growing pepper, you can see it growing all over the northern part. Many farms are happy to show you what they do.

Many Beaches

Tours in Phu Quoc Island - Vietnam

Anyone who's been to Phu Quoc will tell you it's hard to believe that there are so many beaches that are both stunningly beautiful and deserted in just one place. The triangular-shaped island has many good beaches, like Long Beach on the western side, which is also the biggest and where most of the hotels are located. Bai Sao, on the east coast, is a favourite spot – possibly the best beach on Phu Quoc.

Its fine white sand has many fans and most of the time you can expect crystal clear turquoise water – a postcard-like example of a tropical beach. Some others worth checking out are Ong Lang, Bai Thom and Bai Dai. Many of the island's beaches are not marked on maps very well. Go explore - seek and you shall find.

Dinh Cau Rock (Cau Temple)

Dinh Cau Rock (Cau Temple) - Phu Quoc Island - Vietnam

This odd shaped rock sits at the mouth of the Duong Dong river. Initially a lighthouse until 1937 when a Buddhist temple dedicated to to Thien Hau (the Goddess of the sea) was built. No visit to Phu Quoc is complete without seeing little oddity.

Dogs

Phu Quoc Dog

All around the island you can't help but notice the dogs with a Mohawk running down the length of their backs. They are Phu Quoc Ridgebacks a recognised breed that is native to the island. There are only two other breeds of dog in the world that have a similar distinctive Mohawk, they originate from Thailand and southern Africa. Phu Quoc Ridgebacks were originally wild dogs that were, over time, tamed by humans for hunting.

Ham Ninh Fishing Village

Ham Ninh Fishing Village on Phu Quoc Island - Vietnam

On the island's east coast lies Ham Ninh, a quaint and sleepy fishing village.
The local's will be pleased to see you, especially if you buy some of their pearls.

Pagodas and Temples

Sung Hung Pagoda in Phu Quoc Island - Vietnam

There are several pagodas and temples around the island that offer insights into Buddhism. In Duong Dong Town there's Sung Hung Pagoda which is surrounded by large trees. A well known monk built Hung Long Tu Pagoda. He chose the site, located 5km from Duong Dong Town, for its peace and tranquillity. There are several other temples dotted around the island which welcome visitors, however you should not have bare shoulders or wear shorts when you visit.

Pepper Plantations

Pepper Plantations on Phu Quoc Island - Vietnam

Vietnam is the world's leading exporter of black pepper and best quality harvest comes from Phu Quoc. Farms can be seen all over the central and northern parts of the island.

Those with a culinary interest can have a guided tour of a pepper farm to see the whole process in detail.

Waterfalls

Suoi Tranh waterfall - Phu Quoc

Suoi Tranh waterfall is around 7km east of Duong Dong. Once you've paid the small entry fee it's a 10 – 15 minute walk along a well trodden path through the jungle. There are many rock pools in which to take a dip, at the top there's a 4m waterfall (sometimes from January to May water can be a little lacking), the whole place has a lovely ambience.

If you want to see a more spectacular waterfall then Da Ngon is what you're looking for, the pool at the bottom is famed as a "natural Jacuzzi". It's located deep in the jungle so a guided tour is the best way to see it, tours take half a day. Suoi Da Ban (stoney surface spring) is a natural spring that comes up through granite rocks.The white water cascades down and some of the pools are deep enough for a swim. It's easily accessible from the road./.